Comparative Analysis of Advanced AI Models for News Summarization and Policy Implication Assessment
This experiment was conducted to observe how different AI LLMs would respond to the same prompts, and whether they would identify similar and/or meaningful relationships between news articles about current events in Russia and Ukraine. The experiment also assessed the ability of the LLMs to discuss the potential implications of the article summaries they generated in order to aid U.S. foreign policy makers.
Platforms
- GPT-4
- Bard
- Bing AI
- Claude Instant
Articles
- https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/07/05/world/russia-ukraine-news
- https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/05/europe/zaporizhzhia-nuclear-disaster-threat-explainer-intl/index.html
- https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-russia-war-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-power-plant-attack-plot-claims/
Phases
- Summarization: Each LLM was given the same set of three news articles and a prompt asking them to summarize each article in three sentences or less.
- Relationship identification: Each LLM was asked to identify the relationships between the three article summaries.
- Policy implications: Each LLM was asked to discuss the potential implications of the article summaries on decision making related to U.S. foreign policy.
Analysis of Results
The results of this experiment were compared and analyzed using the following parameters:
- Accuracy of summarization
- Identification of relationships
- Bias detection
- Coherence and clarity
Using these parameters, I ranked each AI LLM’s performance on a scale from 1-5, with 1 indicating poor performance and 5 indicating excellent performance.
GPT-4 with LinkReader:
- Accuracy of summarization: 5
- Identification of relationships: 5
- Bias detection: 3
- Coherence and clarity: 5
Overall, I rated GPT-4 with LinkReader’s performance a 4.5.
Bard:
- Accuracy of summarization: 4
- Identification of relationships: 5
- Bias detection: 4
- Coherence and clarity: 5
Overall, I rated Bard’s performance a 4.5.
Bing AI – Precise conversation style:
- Accuracy of summarization: 4
- Identification of relationships: 3
- Bias detection: 4
- Coherence and clarity: 4
Overall, I rated Bing AI – Precise conversation style’s performance a 3.75.
Claude Instant:
- Accuracy of summarization: 5
- Identification of relationships: 5
- Bias detection: 3
- Coherence and clarity: 5
Overall, I rated Claude Instant’s performance a 4.5.
Below is a chart comparing the scores that each LLM received, as well as a radar chart, which provides a visual comparison of each LLM’s performance across different parameters.
Platform 1: GPT-4 with LinkReader
Prompt 1:
Summarize each of the following articles in 3 sentences or less.
https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/07/05/world/russia-ukraine-news
https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/05/europe/zaporizhzhia-nuclear-disaster-threat-explainer-intl/index.html
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-russia-war-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-power-plant-attack-plot-claims/
Prompt 1 Result:
1. New York Times: Ukraine and Russia have accused each other of plotting to sabotage the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant in southern Ukraine. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky claimed that Russian troops had placed objects resembling explosives on the roof of several power units at the plant. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) stated that its inspectors at the site had not seen any indications of mines or explosives, but requested additional access to parts of the plant to confirm this.
2. CNN: Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky warned that Russian troops have placed “objects resembling explosives” on roofs at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant (ZNPP). He suggested that Russia might be planning to simulate an attack on the plant. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) stated that there were no visible indications of mines or explosives at the ZNPP, but requested additional access to the site for confirmation.
3. CBS News: Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy claimed that Russia is plotting a potentially dangerous attack on Europe’s largest nuclear power plant, the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, which Russian forces have occupied for more than a year. Russia, meanwhile, accused Ukraine of planning to strike the plant with missiles or drones packed with radioactive waste from other nuclear facilities. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has requested additional access to look for mines or explosives at the site following the claims made this week.
Prompt 2:
Prompt 2 Result:
All three articles focus on the escalating tensions surrounding the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant in Ukraine, which is currently under Russian control. Both Ukraine and Russia have accused each other of plotting to sabotage the plant, with Ukraine’s President Zelensky alleging that Russian troops have placed objects resembling explosives at the facility. However, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has not found any evidence of explosives or mines at the plant, but has requested additional access for further investigation.
For U.S. foreign policy decision-makers, these developments underscore the urgency and complexity of the situation in Ukraine. They highlight the potential for a nuclear incident that could have catastrophic regional and global consequences, necessitating a careful and strategic response. The U.S. will need to continue its diplomatic efforts, possibly through the United Nations or other international bodies, to ensure the safety of the nuclear plant, while also supporting Ukraine’s sovereignty. The situation also underscores the importance of accurate intelligence and the need to counter misinformation, as both sides have made unverified claims about the other’s intentions.
Platform 2: Bard
Prompt 1:
Summarize each of the following articles in 3 sentences or less.
https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/07/05/world/russia-ukraine-news
https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/05/europe/zaporizhzhia-nuclear-disaster-threat-explainer-intl/index.html
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-russia-war-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-power-plant-attack-plot-claims/
Prompt 1 Result:
Sure, here are the summaries of the articles you linked:
- New York Times: The article reports on the latest developments in the Russia-Ukraine war, including the ongoing fighting in the Donbas region and the threat of a nuclear disaster at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant.
- CNN: The article explains the potential risks of a nuclear disaster at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, which was captured by Russian forces in March. The article also discusses the efforts of Ukrainian and international officials to prevent a disaster.
- CBS News: The article reports on claims that Russia was planning to attack the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant in order to cause a nuclear disaster. The article also discusses the potential consequences of such an attack.
Here are the summaries in 3 sentences or less:
- New York Times: Russia-Ukraine war continues, with fighting in Donbas and threat of nuclear disaster at Zaporizhzhia plant.
- CNN: Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant at risk of disaster, with potential consequences for Ukraine and beyond.
- CBS News: Russia accused of planning to attack Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, which could have caused a nuclear disaster.
I hope this is helpful! Let me know if you have any other questions.
Prompt 2:
Using the summaries you provided, provide a concise explanation of how they are related in no more than 5 sentences. Additionally, discuss the potential implications of these summaries for decision-makers responsible for U.S. foreign policy toward Russia and Ukraine.
Prompt 2 Result:
Sure, here is a concise explanation of how the summaries are related:
- The Russia-Ukraine war is ongoing, and the fighting in the Donbas region is intensifying.
- The Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, the largest in Europe, is at risk of a nuclear disaster.
- Russia has been accused of planning to attack the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant.
- A nuclear disaster at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant would have devastating consequences for Ukraine and beyond.
- Decision-makers responsible for U.S. foreign policy toward Russia and Ukraine need to take the threat of a nuclear disaster at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant seriously.
The potential implications of these summaries for decision-makers responsible for U.S. foreign policy toward Russia and Ukraine include:
- The need to increase diplomatic pressure on Russia to end the war in Ukraine.
- The need to provide additional military assistance to Ukraine to help it defend itself against Russian aggression.
- The need to work with international partners to develop a contingency plan in case of a nuclear disaster at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant.
It is important to note that these are just some of the potential implications of these summaries. The actual implications will depend on how the situation unfolds in the coming days and weeks.
Platform 3: Bing AI – Precise conversation style
Prompt 1:
Summarize each of the following articles in 3 sentences or less.
https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/07/05/world/russia-ukraine-news
https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/05/europe/zaporizhzhia-nuclear-disaster-threat-explainer-intl/index.html
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-russia-war-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-power-plant-attack-plot-claims/
Prompt 1 Result:
1. The first article from the New York Times discusses the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine. It mentions that NATO’s secretary general has agreed to stay on for another year, taking a contentious leadership debate off the table. Russian shelling has killed two in Kherson, a southern city under bombardment¹.
2. The second article from CNN discusses how Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has warned that Russian troops have placed “objects resembling explosives” on roofs at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant (ZNPP). Zelensky speculated that this could be to simulate an attack on the plant or for some other scenario⁶.
3. The third article from CBS News discusses how Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has claimed that Russia is plotting a potentially dangerous attack on Europe’s largest nuclear power plant, which Russian forces have occupied for more than a year. Meanwhile, Russia has accused Ukraine of plotting to attack the same sprawling Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant in Enerhodar, southern Ukraine, in the next two days¹¹.
Prompt 2:
Using the summaries you provided, provide a concise explanation of how they are related in no more than 5 sentences. Additionally, discuss the potential implications of these summaries for decision-makers responsible for U.S. foreign policy toward Russia and Ukraine.
Prompt 2 Result:
The three articles are related in that they all discuss the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The first article provides an update on the current state of the war, while the second and third articles focus on the potential threat to the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, which is Europe’s largest nuclear power plant.
The potential implications of these summaries for decision-makers responsible for U.S. foreign policy toward Russia and Ukraine are significant. The threat to the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant could have serious consequences not only for Ukraine and Russia, but also for neighboring countries and the global community. It is important for decision-makers to closely monitor the situation and consider appropriate diplomatic, economic, or other measures to address the potential threat and support stability in the region.
Platform 4: Claude Instant
Prompt 1:
Summarize each of the following articles in 3 sentences or less.
https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/07/05/world/russia-ukraine-news
https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/05/europe/zaporizhzhia-nuclear-disaster-threat-explainer-intl/index.html
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-russia-war-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-power-plant-attack-plot-claims/
Prompt 1 Result:
NY Times: Russia continues to shell Ukrainian cities. Ukraine claims Russia has placed explosives at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant. Kremlin denies Ukraine’s claims and accuses Ukraine of planning an attack.
CNN: Experts warn that damage to the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant from shelling could lead to a radiation disaster. The plant relies on water from a nearby reservoir to operate. Russia allegedly blew up the dam for that reservoir in June.
CBS News: Ukraine claims Russia is plotting an attack on the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant. Kremlin spokesman Peskov denies this and accuses Ukraine of planning an attack. Warnings have increased after Russia blew up a dam that supplies water to the plant in June.
Prompt 2:
Using the summaries you provided, provide a concise explanation of how they are related in no more than 5 sentences. Additionally, discuss the potential implications of these summaries for decision-makers responsible for U.S. foreign policy toward Russia and Ukraine.
Prompt 2 Result:
All three summaries discuss the situation at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant in Ukraine, which is currently occupied by Russian forces. Both Ukraine and Russia are accusing each other of planning an attack on the plant, which experts warn could lead to a nuclear disaster if damaged. The situation at the plant is volatile and poses risks of nuclear catastrophe and international escalation.
For U.S. policymakers, the key implication is that the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant situation demands de-escalation efforts to reduce the risks of nuclear disaster and further internationalization of the Ukraine conflict. The U.S. should support international efforts to demilitarize the area around the plant and facilitate negotiations for Russian forces to withdraw. Preventing a nuclear catastrophe and limiting the Ukraine war’s spillover effects are critical strategic interests for the U.S. and its allies.